Consulting Greenlandic Inuit Oral History for Archaeological Learnings

Abstract

This paper, which is intentionally short, explores the intersections of Inuit oral traditions, worldview, and architectural remains to provide a more holistic understanding of Greenlandic prehistory. While archaeological research in the Eastern Arctic has traditionally prioritized environmental adaptation and technological development, this study highlights the symbolic and ritual dimensions embedded within Inuit architecture and spatial organization. Focusing on two case studies—the presence of polar bear hair in entrance tunnels and the ritual significance of beaches—the study demonstrates how oral traditions transmit knowledge of past practices that leave tangible traces in the archaeological record. Findings suggest that polar bear remains at house entrances were not merely stored materials but held protective and symbolic roles. Similarly, beaches, often considered only as functional harbors, were also perceived as spiritual entities capable of safeguarding settlements. These insights challenge conventional archaeological approaches by underscoring the importance of intangible cultural elements in shaping material remains.

By integrating oral traditions with material evidence, the study reveals that Inuit cosmology was not just an abstract system of beliefs but an active force shaping architectural choices, landscape use, and settlement patterns. The findings challenge conventional archaeological approaches that focus solely on material remains, demonstrating that understanding Inuit cosmology is crucial for interpreting the full significance of Inuit cultural landscapes.