Interpreting Prehistoric Labor North and South of the Forager-Agricultural Frontier in Central Fennoscandia, Northern Europe

References Cited

1. ↵
   1. Ahmadzadeh, Mostafa,
   2. Cristina García-Lasanta,
   3. Bernard Housen, and
   4. John S. McCloy

   2020 Archaeomagnetic Dating of Vitrified Broborg Hillfort in Southeast Uppsala, Sweden. Journal of Archaeological Science Reports 31(102311).
2. ↵
   1. Äikäs, Tiina

   2009 Cooking Pits and the Early Metal Period in Northern Ostrobothnia. In Det 10. nordiske bronsealdersymposium, Trondheim 5.-8. okt. 2006. Geir Grønnesby and Merete M. Henriksen, eds. Pp. 148–154. Trondheim: Tapir Akademisk Forslag.
3. ↵
   1. Artursson, Magnus,
   2. Timothy Earle, and
   3. James Brown

   2016 The Construction of Monumental Landscapes in Low-Density Societies: New Evidence from the Early Neolithic of Southern Scandinavia (4000–3300 BC) in Comparative Perspective. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 41:1–18.

   OpenUrl
4. ↵
   1. Asplund, Henrik

   2008 Kymittæ: Sites, Centrality and Long-Term Settlement Change in the Kemiönsaari Region in SW Finland. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Turku.
5. ↵
   1. Bennerhag, Carina

   2012 Samhälle i förändring—järnålder i Norrbottens kustland. Arkeologi i Norr 13:45–73.

   OpenUrl
6. ↵
   1. Bergman, Ingela, and
   2. Greger Hörnberg

   2015 Early Cereal Cultivation at Sámi Settlements: Challenging the Hunter–Herder Paradigm? Arctic Anthropology 52(2):57–66.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
7. ↵
   1. Bergman, Ingela, and
   2. Per Ramqvist

   2018 Hunters of Forests and Waters: Late Iron Age and Medieval Subsistence and Social Processes in Coastal Northern Sweden. Acta Borealia 35 (1):1–28.

   OpenUrl
8. ↵
   1. Bird-David, Nurit

   1990 The Giving Environment: Another Perspective on the Economic System of Gatherer-Hunters. Current Anthropology 31(2):189–196.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
9. 1992 Beyond ‘The Hunting and Gathering Mode of Subsistence’: Culture-Sensitive Observations on the Nayaka and Other Modern Hunter-Gatherers. Man (New Series) 27(1):19–44.

   OpenUrl
10. ↵
    1. Bläuer, Auli,
    2. Kristiina Korkeakoski-Väisänen,
    3. Laura Arppe, and
    4. Juha Kantanen

    2013 Bronze Age Cattle Teeth and Cremations from a Monumental Burial Cairn in Selkäkangas, Finland: New Radiocarbon Dates and Isotopic Analysis. Estonian Journal of Archaeology 17(1):1–21.

    OpenUrl
11. ↵
    1. Bolin, Hans

    1999 Crossroads of Culture. Aspects of the Social and Cultural Setting in Northern Sweden during the Last Two Millennia BC. Fennoscandia Archaeologica 16:3–29.

    OpenUrl
12. ↵
    1. Broadbent, Noel

    1979 Coastal Resources and Settlement Stability: A Critical Study of a Mesolithic Site Complex in Northern Sweden. Uppsala: Uppsala University Institute of North European Archaeology.
13. ↵
    1. Callon, Michel

    1986 Some Elements of a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St. Brieuc Bay. In Power, Action and Belief: A New Sociology of Knowledge? John Law, ed. Pp. 196–223. London: Routledge.
14. ↵
    1. Clastres, Pierre

    1989 Society against the State. Essays in Political Anthropology. Robert Hurley and Abe Stein, trans. New York: Zone Books.
15. ↵
    1. Cramp, Lucy J. E.,
    2. Richard P. Evershed,
    3. Mika Lavento,
    4. Petri Halinen,
    5. Kristiina Mannermaa,
    6. Markku Oinonen,
    7. Johannes Kettunen,
    8. Markus Perola,
    9. Päivi Onkamo, and
    10. Volker Heyd

    2014 Neolithic Dairy Farming at the Extreme of Agriculture in Northern Europe. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 281:20140819. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0819.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
16. ↵
    1. Curcija, Zachary S.

    2018 Reevaluating the Prehistoric Southwestern Disc Bead Industry. KIVA 84(1):27–45.

    OpenUrl
17. ↵
    1. Delfino, Davide,
    2. Fernando Coimbra,
    3. Gonçalo Cruz, and
    4. Daniela Cardoso

    2020 Late Prehistoric Fortifications in Europe: Defensive, Symbolic and Territorial Aspects from the Chalcolithic to the Iron Age. In Proceeding of the International Colloquium ‘fortmetalages’, Guimarães, Portugal. Davide Delfino, Fernando Coimbra, Daniela Cardoso, and Gonçalo Cruz, eds. Pp. 1–4. Oxford: Archaeopress.
18. ↵
    1. Descola, Philippe

    2013 Beyond Nature and Culture. Janet Lloyd, trans. Chicago: University of Chicago.
19. ↵
    1. Driscoll, Killian

    2011 Vein Quartz in Lithic Traditions: An Analysis Based on Experimental Archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(3):734–745.

    OpenUrl
20. ↵
    1. Earle, Timothy

    1987 Chiefdoms in Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Perspective. Annual Review of Anthropology 16:279–308.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
21. ↵
    1. Ersgård, Lars

    2018 Medieval and Early Modern Towns in Sweden in a long-term perspective. In Urban Variation: Utopia, Planning and Practice. Per Cornell, Lars Ersgård, and Andrine Nilsen, eds. Pp. 73–95. Göteborg: Göteborgs universitet.
22. ↵
    1. Engedal, Ørjan

    2010 The Bronze Age of Northwestern Scandinavia. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Bergen, Bergen.
23. ↵
    1. Feinman, Gary M.,
    2. Steadman Upham, and
    3. Kent G. Lightfoot

    1981 The Production Step Measure: An Ordinal Index of Labor Input in Ceramic Manufacture. American Antiquity 46(4):871–884.

    OpenUrl
24. ↵
    1. Fowler, Catherine S.

    1999 Ecological/Cosmological Knowledge and Land Management among Hunter-Gatherers. In The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers. Richard B. Lee and Richard H. Daly, eds. Pp. 419–425. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25. ↵
    1. Fraser, Magdalena,
    2. Federico Sanchez-Quinto,
    3. Jane Evans,
    4. Jan Storå,
    5. Anders Götherström,
    6. Paul Wallin,
    7. Kjel Knutsson, and
    8. Mattias Jakobsson

    2018 New Insights on Cultural Dualism and Population Structure in the Middle Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture on the Island of Gotland. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 17:325–334.

    OpenUrl
26. ↵
    1. Goldhahn, Joakim

    2017 North European Rock Art: A Long-Term Perspective. In The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Rock Art. Bruno David and Ian J. McNiven, eds. Oxford Handbooks Online. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190607357.013.1.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
27. ↵
    1. Graeber, David

    2004 Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press.
28. 2007 Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion, and Desire. Oakland: AK Press.
29. ↵
    1. Graeber, David, and
    2. Marshall Sahlins

    2017 On Kings. Chicago: Hau Books.
30. ↵
    1. Hakonen, Aki

    2017 Shoreline Displacement of the Finnish Bothnian Bay Coast and the Spatial Patterns of the Coastal Archaeological Record of 4000 BCE–500 CE. Fennoscandia archaeologica 34:5–31.

    OpenUrl
31. ↵
    1. Hakonen, Aki,
    2. Ville Hakamäki, and
    3. Jari-Matti Kuusela

    2017 Observing Social Change on the Bothnian Bay Coast in the 1st Millennium BC: The Burials of Tahkokangas and the Community of the Oulujoki River Estuary. Assemblage (2017):15–27.
32. ↵
    1. Hakonen, Aki, and
    2. Ville Hakamäki

    2019 Living with Death: What Moral Consideration of Mortuary Practices Reveals about the Plurality of Worldviews in the Multi-Millennial Past of Central Fennoscandia. Time and Mind 12 (4):287–304.

    OpenUrl
33. ↵
    1. Halinen, Petri

    2015 Kivikausi. In Muinaisuutemme jäljet. Suomen esi-ja varhaishistoria kivikaudelta keskiajalle. G. Haggrén, P. Halinen, M. Lavento, S. Raninen, and A. Wessman, eds. Pp. 19–121. Helsinki: Gaudeamus Helsinki University Press.
34. ↵
    1. Hamari, Pirjo, and
    2. Eeva Lahti

    2002 Jatkuuko kiviesineiden käyttö pohjoisessa his-torialliselle ajalle? Erään paradigman elämää. Muinaistutkija 3:2–19.

    OpenUrl
35. ↵
    1. Hemmendorff, Ove

    2010 Långsiktigt hållbara lokaliseringar: Makt, kult och platskontinuitet på Frösön. Arkeologi i norr 12:37–81.

    OpenUrl
36. ↵
    1. Hennius, Andreas

    2018 Viking Age Tar Production and Outland Exploitation. Antiquity 92(365):1349–1361.

    OpenUrl
37. ↵
    1. Herva, Vesa-Pekka,
    2. Kerkko Nordqvist,
    3. Antti Lahelma, and
    4. Janne Ikäheimo

    2014 Cultivation of Perception and the Emergence of the Neolithic World. Norwegian Archaeological Review 47(2):141–160.

    OpenUrl
38. ↵
    1. Herva, Vesa-Pekka, and
    2. Antti Lahelma

    2020 Northern Archaeology and Cosmology: A Relational View. London: Routledge.
39. ↵
    1. Hitchcock, Robert K.

    2019 Hunters and Gatherers Past and Present: Perspectives on Diversity, Teaching, and Information Transmission. Reviews in Anthropology 48(1):5–37.

    OpenUrl
40. ↵
    1. Hjärthner-Holdar, Eva,
    2. Svante Forenius, and
    3. Annika Willim

    2014 A Roman Iron Age Bloomery Site in Gästrikland, Sweden. Evidence of a Widespread Trade. In Early Iron in Europe. Brigitte Cech and Thilo Rehren, eds. Pp. 261–276. Montagnac: Éditions Monique Mergoil.
41. ↵
    1. Hodder, Ian

    2012 Entangled. An Archaeology of the Relationships between Humans and Things. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
42. ↵
    1. Holmblad, Peter

    2010 Coastal Communities on the Move: House and Polity Interaction in Southern Ostrobothnia 1500 BC–AD 1. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Historical, Philosophical, and Religious Studies, Umeå Universitet, Umeå.
43. ↵
    1. Holmring, Jacob

    2014 Rethinking the Iron Age Ringforts of Öland— Interpretations and New Possibilities. Master’s thesis, Department of Archaeology, Stockholm University, Stockholm.
44. ↵
    1. Huurre, Matti

    1991 9000 vuotta Suomen esihistoriaa. 9th edition. Keuruu: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy.
45. ↵
    1998 Kivikauden Suomi. Keuruu: Otavan Kirjapaino.
46. ↵
    1. Ikäheimo, Janne

    2020 From Obvious to Ambiguous: A Comparative Case Study of Crucible Fragments from a Bronze Age Site in Northern Finland. Fennoscandia Archaeologica 37:25–44.

    OpenUrl
47. ↵
    1. Ingold, Tim

    2000 The Perception of the Environment: Essays in Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill. London: Routledge.
48. ↵
    1. Inizan, Marie-Louise,
    2. Michèle Reduron-Ballinger,
    3. Hélène Roche, and
    4. Jacques Tixier

    1999 Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone. J. Féblot-Augustins, trans. Nanterre: CREP.
49. ↵
    1. Karjalainen, Joni-Pekka

    2016 The Spell of Iron: Iron Smelting Experiments with Stone Box Furnaces of the Finnish Early Iron Age. Master’s thesis, Department of Archaeology, University of Oulu, Oulu.
50. ↵
    1. Kelly, Robert L.

    2013 The Lifeways of Hunter-Gatherers: The Foraging Spectrum. New York: Cambridge University Press.
51. ↵
    1. Knutsson, Kjel

    1988 Making and Using Stone Tools. The Analysis of the Lithic Assemblages from Middle Neolithic Sites with Flint in Västerbotten, Northern Sweden. Uppsala: Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis.
52. ↵
    1. Kolb, Michael J.

    1997 Labor Mobilization, Ethnohistory, and the Archaeology of Community in Hawai’i. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 4(3):265–285.

    OpenUrl
53. ↵
    1. Kotivuori, Hannu

    1996 Tervolan muinaisjäännösten täydennysinventointi 1988 ja kohteiden tarkastuksia 1989-1995. Survey report. Rovaniemi: Lapin maakuntamuseo.
54. ↵
    1. Kriwaczek, Paul

    2010 Babylon: Mesopotamia and the Birth of Civilization. London: Atlantic Books.
55. ↵
    1. Kuusela, Jari-Matti

    2009 Masters of the Burial Grounds—Elites, Power and Ritual during the Middle Iron Age in Vähäkyrö. Fennoscandia archaeologica 16:39–52.

    OpenUrl
56. 2013 Political Economy of Bronze- and Iron Age Societies in the Eastern Coast of the Bothnian Bay ca. 1500 BC–AD 1300. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Archaeology, University of Oulu, Oulu.
57. 2014 From Coast to Inland: Activity Zones in North Finland during the Viking Age. In Fibula, Fabula, Fact: The Viking Age in Finland. Joonas Ahola and Frog with Clive Tolley, eds. Pp. 219–241. Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society.
58. ↵
    1. Lahelma, Antti

    2002 Hollola, Hankaan Linnamäki. Arkeologinen koekaivaus. Excavation report. Lahti: Päijät-Hämeen maakuntamuseo.
59. ↵
    1. Laitakari, Aarne

    1930 Die Schaftlochäxte der Steinzeit von geologischpetrographischem Standpunkt. Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistyksen Aikakauskirja 37:1–40.

    OpenUrl
60. ↵
    1. Latour, Bruno

    1993 We Have Never Been Modern. Catherine Porter, trans. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
61. ↵
    2005 Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Croydon: Oxford University Press.
62. ↵
    2013 An Inquiry into Modes of Existence: An Anthropology of the Moderns. Catherine Porter, trans. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
63. ↵
    1. Lavento, Mika

    2015 Pronssi-ja varhaismetallikausi. In Muinaisuutemme jäljet. Suomen esi-ja varhaishistoria kivikaudelta keskiajalle. Georg Haggrén, Petri Halinen, Mika Lavento, Sami Raninen, and Anna Wessman, eds. Pp. 125–212. Helsinki: Gaudeamus Helsinki University Press.
64. ↵
    1. Lehtola, Veli-Pekka

    2015 Sámi Histories, Colonialism, and Finland. Arctic Anthropology 52(2):22–36.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
65. ↵
    1. Liedgren, Lars

    2014 Rödockragravar i Norrbotten. Arkeologi i norr 14:1–39.

    OpenUrl
66. ↵
    1. Lindeberg, Marta

    2009 Järn i Jorden. Spadformiga ämnesjärn i Mellannorrland. Ph.D. dissertation, Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens kultur, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm.
67. ↵
    1. Lindén, Mattias

    2006 Glaciodynamics, Deglacial Landforms and Isostatic Uplift during the Last Deglaciation of Norrbotten, Sweden. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund.
68. ↵
    1. Lindkvist, Thomas

    2015 En medeltida modernisering. In Järnet och Sveriges medeltida modernisering. Jernkontoret, ed. Pp. 19–46. Jernkontorets Bergshistoriska Skriftserie 48.
69. ↵
    1. Lindqvist, Anna-Karin

    1989 Att göra osynliga hus synliga. Arkeologi i norr 2:107–120.

    OpenUrl
70. ↵
    1. Ling, Johan,
    2. Zofia Stos-Gale,
    3. Lena Grandin,
    4. Kjell Billström,
    5. Eva Hjärthner-Holdar, and
    6. Per-Olof Persson

    2014 Moving Metals II: Provenancing Scandinavian Bronze Age Artefacts by Lead Isotope and Elemental Analyses. Journal of Archaeological Science 41:106–132.

    OpenUrl
71. ↵
    1. Lundin, Kerstin

    1992 Kokgropar i Norrbottens kustland. Ett försök till tolkning av kokgroparnas funktion. Arkeologi i norr 3:139–174.

    OpenUrl
72. ↵
    1. Mäkivuoti, Markku

    1988 An Iron Age Dwelling Site and Burial Mounds at Rakanmäki, near Tornio. Fennoscandia Archaeologica 5:35–45.

    OpenUrl
73. ↵
    1. Manninen, Mikael

    2016 The Effect of Raw Material Properties on Flake and Flake-Tool Dimensions: A Comparison between Quartz and Chert. Quaternary International 424:24–31.

    OpenUrl
74. ↵
    1. Martens, Jes

    2007 Fire Cult?—The Spatial Organization of a Cooking Pit Site in Scania. In Fire as an Instrument: The Archaeology of Pyrotechnologies. Dragos Gheorghiu, ed. Pp. 79–84. BAR International Series 1619.
75. ↵
    1. McCloy, John S.
    2. José Marcial,
    3. Jack S. Clarke,
    4. Mostafa Ahmadzadeh,
    5. John A. Wolff,
    6. Edward P. Vicenzi,
    7. David L. Bollinger,
    8. Erik Ogenhall,
    9. Mia Englund,
    10. Carolyn I. Pearce,
    11. Rolf Sjöblom, and
    12. Albert A. Kruger

    2021 Reproduction of Melting Behavior for Vitrified Hillforts Based on Amphibolite, Granite, and Basalt Lithologies. Nature. Scientific Reports 11(1272).
76. ↵
    1. Melheim, Lene

    2015 Late Bronze Age Axe Traffic from Volga-Kama to Scandinavia? The Riddle of the KAM Axes Revisited. In Archaeometallurgy in Europe III. Andreas Hauptmann and Diana Modarressi-Tehrani, eds. Pp. 193–202. Bochum: Deutsches Bergbau-Museum.
77. ↵
    1. Minde, Henry

    2003 Assimilation of the Sami—Implementation and Consequences. Acta Borealia 20(2):121–146.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
78. ↵
    1. Moberg, Carl-Axel

    1955 Studier I. Bottnisk Stenålder I–V. Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademiens Handlingar. Stockholm: Antikvariska Serien 3.
79. ↵
    1. Mökkönen, Teemu

    2011 Studies on Stone Age Housepits in Fennoscandia (4000–2000 cal BC). Changes in Ground Plan, Site Location, and Degree of Sedentism. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Helsinki, Helsinki.
80. 2013 Stone Setting Filled with Red Ochre from the Keelaharju Site, Northernmost Baltic Sea Region: A Stone Age Grave in the Context of North European Burial Traditions. Fennoscandia archaeologica 30:13–36.

    OpenUrl
81. ↵
    1. Nilsen, Gørill

    2016 The Use of Marine Mammal Blubber: Parameters for Defining Fat-Rendering Structures. Fennoscandia archaeologica 33:141–155.

    OpenUrl
82. ↵
    1. Nordqvist, Kerkko

    2018 The Stone Age of North-Eastern Europe 5500–1800 calBC: Bridging the Gap between the East and the West. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Archaeology, University of Oulu, Oulu.
83. ↵
    1. Nunez, Milton

    1998 Slate, the “Plastics” of Stone Age Finland. In Proceedings from the Third Flint Alternatives Conference at Uppsala, Sweden, October 18-20, 1996. Lena Holm and Kjel Knutsson, eds. Pp. 105–124. Uppsala University: Uppsala.
84. ↵
    1. O’Driscoll, James

    2017 Hillforts in Prehistoric Ireland: A Costly Display of Power? World Archaeology 49(4):506–525.

    OpenUrl
85. ↵
    1. Ojala, Carl-Gösta

    2020 Mines and Missions: Early Modern Swedish Colonialism in Sápmi and Its Legacies Today. In Currents of Saami Pasts: Recent Advances in Saami Archaeology. Marte Spangen, Anna-Kaisa Salmi, Tiina Äikäs, and Markus Fjellström, eds. Pp. 160–176. Archaeological Society of Finland.
86. ↵
    1. Ojala, Karin

    2016 I bronsålderns gränsland. Uppland och frågan om östliga kontakter. Ph.D. dissertation, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala.
87. ↵
    1. Okkonen, Jari

    2003 Jättiläisen hautoja ja hirveitä kiviröykkiöitä—Pohjanmaan muinaisten kivirakennelmien arkeologiaa. Ph.D. dissertation, Taideaineiden ja antropologian laitos, Oulun yliopisto.
88. 2014 The Expressions of Monumentality among the Neolithic Hunter-Gatherers in Finland—Remarks on Archaeology of Giant’s Churches. In Landscapes, Histories and Societies in the Northern European Neolithic. Martin Furholt, Martin Hinz, Doris Mischka, Gordon Noble, and Deborah Olausson, eds. Pp. 49–56. Habelt: UFG CAU Kiel.
89. ↵
    1. Olausson, Deborah

    1998 Battleaxes: Home-Made, Made to Order or Factory Products? In Proceedings from the Third Flint Alternatives Conference at Uppsala Sweden, October 18–20, 1996. Lena Holm and Kjel Knutsson, eds. Pp. 125–140. Uppsala University: Uppsala.
90. ↵
    1. Olsson Eriksson, Linus

    2020 Fornborgen och landskapet. En GIS-baserad visibilitetsanalys av relationen mellan bronsålderns fornborgar och dess landskapsrum. Master’s thesis, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala.
91. ↵
    1. Pappas Adlerburg,
    2. Nickolas T.

    2017 To Make Iron of Iron: A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Spade Shaped Iron Bars. Master’s thesis, Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm.
92. ↵
    1. Poutanen, Markku, and
    2. Holger Steffen

    2014 Land Uplift at Kvarken Archipelago /High Coast UNESCO World Heritage Area. Geophysica 50(2):49–64.

    OpenUrl
93. ↵
    1. Price, T. Douglas

    2015 Ancient Scandinavia: An Archaeological History from the First Humans to the Vikings. New York: Oxford University Press.
94. ↵
    1. Raninen, Sami, and
    2. Anna Wessman

    2015 Rautakausi. In Muinaisuutemme jäljet. Suomen esi-ja varhaishistoria kivikaudelta keskiajalle. Georg Haggrén, Petri Halinen, Mika Lavento, Sami Raninen, and Anna Wessman, eds. Pp. 213–365. Helsinki: Gaudeamus Helsinki University Press.
95. ↵
    1. Rankama, Tuija

    2002 Analyses of the Quartz Assemblages of Houses 34 and 35 at Kauvonkangas in Tervola. In Huts and Houses: Stone Age and Early Metal Age Buildings in Finland. Helena Ranta, ed. Pp. 79–108. Helsinki: National Board of Antiquities.
96. ↵
    1. Rankama, Tuija,
    2. Mikael A. Manninen,
    3. Esa Hertell, and
    4. Miikka Tallavaara

    2006 Simple Production and Social Strategies: Do They Meet? Social Dimensions in Eastern Fennoscandian Quartz Technologies. In Skilled Production and Social Reproduction: Aspects of Traditional Stone-Tool Technologies. Jan Apel and Kjel Knuttson, eds. Pp. 245–261. Uppsala: University of Uppsala.
97. ↵
    1. Romer, John

    2012 A History of Ancient Egypt: From the First Farmers to the Great Pyramids. London: Penguin Books.
98. ↵
    1. Salmio, Leena

    1980 Tyrvään Kaukolan, Tyrväänkylän ja Liekosaaren rautakautiset kalmistot. Master’s thesis, University of Turku, Turku.
99. ↵
    1. Salo, Unto

    1959 Laitila Leinmäki Ylimattilan metsä. Kertomus tarkastusmatkasta diabaasilouhoksille. Inspection report. Archives of the Finnish Heritage Agency, Helsinki.
100. 1984 Pronssikausi ja rautakauden alku. In Suomen historia 1. Eero Laaksonen, Erkki Pärssinen, and Kari J. Sillanpää, eds. Pp. 98–249. Espoo: Weilin+Göös.
101. ↵
     1. Sarkkinen, Mika

     2012 Tyrnävän Hautakankaan jätinkirkkolöytö— Sattuman sanelema juttu. In Stones, Bones and Thoughts: Festschrift in Honour of Milton Núñez. Sirpa Niinimäki, Anna-Kaisa Salmi, Jari-Matti Kuusela and Jari Okkonen, eds. Pp. 56–66. Bookwell Oy.
102. ↵
     1. Schulz, Hans-Peter

     2009 Honkobackharju ja Keski-Pohjanmaan jätinkirkot. In Ei kiveäkään kääntämättä—Juhlakirja Pentti Koivuselle. Janne Ikäheimo and Sanna Lipponen, eds. Pp. 137–149. Pentti Koivusen juhlakirjatoimikunta.
103. ↵
     1. Sipilä, Joonas, and
     2. Antti Lahelma

     2007 War as a Paradigmatic Phenomenon: Endemic Violence and the Finnish Subneolithic. In War and Sacrifice: Studies in the Archaeology of Conflict. Tony Pollard and Iain Banks, eds. Pp. 189–209. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV.
104. ↵
     1. Solantie, Reijo

     2005 Aspects of Some Prehistoric Cultures in Relation to Climate in Southwestern Finland. Fen-noscandia Archaeologica 12:28–42.

     OpenUrl
105. 1. Sørensen, Lasse

     2014 From Hunter to Farmer in Northern Europe. Migration and Adaptation during the Neolithic and Bronze Age, vol. II. Acta Archaeologica 85(2). Oxford: Wiley.
106. ↵
     1. Spång, Lars Göran

     1997 Fångstsamhälle i handelssystem. Åsele lappmark neolitikum—bronsålder. Ph.D dissertation, University of Umeå, Umeå.
107. ↵
     1. Taavitsainen, Jussi-Pekka

     1990 Ancient Hillforts of Finland: Problems of Analysis, Chronology and Interpretation with Special Reference to the Hillfort of Kuhmoinen. Helsinki: Suomen muinaismuistoyhdistys.
108. ↵
     1. Thurston, Tina

     2009 Unity and Diversity in the European Iron Age: Out of the Mists, Some Clarity? Journal of Archaeological Research 17:347–423.

     OpenUrl
109. ↵
     1. Tuppurainen, Stiina

     2014 Funerals and Fertility—A Case Study of Sammallahdenmäki as an Archaeological Source for the Study of Religion of the Bronze Age and Pre-Roman Iron Age. Master’s thesis, University of Helsinki, Helsinki.
110. ↵
     1. Turner, Daniel R.

     2018 Comparative Labour Rates in Cross-Cultural Contexts. In Constructing Monuments, Perceiving Monumentality and the Economics of Building: Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Built Environment. Ann Brysbaert, Victor Klinkenberg, Anna Gutiérrez Garcia-M., and Irene Vikatou, eds. Pp. 195–217. Leiden: Sidestone Press.
111. ↵
     1. Vanhanen, Santeri

     2019 Prehistoric Cultivation and Plant Gathering in Finland. An Archaeobotanical Study. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Helsinki, Helsinki.
112. ↵
     1. Webster, Gary S.

     1990 Labor Control and Emergent Stratification in Prehistoric Europe (including a discussion with multiple authors). Current Anthropology 31 (4):337–366.

     OpenUrl
113. ↵
     1. Weaver, Jamie L.,
     2. Carolyn I. Pearce,
     3. Rolf Sjöblom,
     4. John S. McCloy,
     5. Micah Miller,
     6. Tamas Varga,
     7. Bruce W. Arey,
     8. Michele A. Conroy,
     9. David K. Peeler,
     10. Robert J. Koestler,
     11. Paula T. DePriest,
     12. Edward P. Vicenzi,
     13. Eva Hjärthner-Holdar,
     14. Erik Ogenhall, and
     15. Albert A. Kruger

     2018 Pre-Viking Swedish Hillfort Glass: A Prospective Long-Term Alteration Analogue for Vitrified Nuclear Waste. International Journal of Applied Glass Science 9(4):540–554.

     OpenUrl
114. ↵
     1. Welinder, Stig

     2009 Sveriges historia 13000 f.Kr.–600 e.K.r. Stockholm: Norstedts.
115. ↵
     1. Wengrow, David, and
     2. David Graeber

     2018 “Many Seasons Ago”: Slavery and Its Rejection among Foragers on the Pacific Coast of North America. American Anthropologist 120(2):237–249.

     OpenUrl
116. ↵
     1. Xie, Liye,
     2. Steven L. Kuhn,
     3. Guoping Sun,
     4. John W. Olsen,
     5. Yunfei Zheng,
     6. Pin Ding, and
     7. Ye Zhao

     2015 Labor Costs for Prehistoric Earthwork Construction: Experimental and Archaeological Insights from the Lower Yangzi Basin, China. American Antiquity 80(1):67–88.

     OpenUrl
117. ↵
     1. Zvelebil, Marek

     2006 Mobility, Contact, and Exchange in the Baltic Sea Basin 6000–2000 BC. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 25:178–192.

     OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science