Ice, Seals, and Guns: Late 19th-Century Alaska Native Commercial Sealing in Southeast Alaska

References Cited

1. 1. Abercrombie William R.

   1900 Supplementary Expedition into the Copper River Valley, Alaska, 1884. In Compilation of Narratives of Explorations in Alaska. Pp. 381–408.Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office.
2. 1. Ackerman Robert

   1965 Archaeological Survey Glacier Bay National Monument, Southeastern Alaska Part II. Report of Investigations No. 36. Pullman: Washington State University.
3. 1. Ackerman Robert

   1968 The Archaeology of the Glacier Bay Region, Southeastern Alaska. Final Report of the Archaeological Survey of the Glacier Bay National Monument. Report of Investigations No. 44. Pullman: Washington State University.
4. 1. Alaska Commercial Company (ACC)

   1869–1905 USUAF3 Alaska Commercial Company Records (Nuchek). Fairbanks: Rasmuson Library, Alaska and Polar Regions Collections and Archives, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
5. 1. Allen B. M.,
   2. Angliss R. P.

   2011 Alaska Marine Mammal Stock Assessments, 2010. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFSAFSC-223. Seattle: U. S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center.
6. 1. Arendt Beatrix

   2010 Caribou to Cod: Moravian Missionary Influence on Inuit Subsistence Strategies. Historical Archaeology 44(3):81–101.

   OpenUrl
7. 1. Ashley Bruce

   2002 Edible Weights for Wildlife Species Used for Country Food in Northwest Territories and Nunavut. Manuscript Report No. 138. Yellowknife: Wildlife and Fisheries Division, Department of Resources, Wildlife, and Economic Development, Government of the Northwest Territories.
8. 1. Barclay David J.,
   2. Calkin Parker E.,
   3. Wiles Gregory C.

   2001 Holocene History of Hubbard Glacier in Yakutat Bay and Russell Fiord, Southeastern Alaska. Geological Society of America Bulletin 113(3):338–402.

   OpenUrl
9. 1. Barnes Frank C.

   2012 Cartridges of the World. 13th edition. Mann Richard A., Pearsall Jennifer L. S., eds. Iola: Gun Digest Books/F+W Media/Krause Publications.
10. 1. Birket-Smith Kaj

    1953 The Chugach Eskimo. Nationalmuseets Skrifter Etnografisk Raekke VI. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark.
11. 1. Bockstoce John R.

    2009 Furs and Frontiers in the Far North: The Contest among Native and Foreign Nations for the Bering Strait Fur Trade. New Haven: Yale University Press.
12. 1. Burch Ernest S.

    2007 Rationality and Resource Use among Hunters: Some Eskimo Examples. In Native Americans and the Environment: Perspectives on the Ecological Indian. Harkin Michael E., Lewis David Rich, eds. Pp. 123–152. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
13. 1. Burch Ernest S.

    2012 Caribou Herds of the Northwest Alaska 1850–2000. Krupnik Igor, Dau Jim, eds. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press.
14. 1. Burroughs John,
    2. Muir John,
    3. Grinnell George Bird

    1901 Alaska, Volume 1: Narrative, Glaciers, Natives. Harriman Alaska Expedition and the Washington Academy of Sciences. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company.
15. 1. Carlisle John G.

    1897 Synopsis of the Decisions of the Treasury Department and the Board of U. S. General Appraisers on the Construction of the Tariff, Immigration, and Other Laws for the Year Ending December 31, 1896. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
16. 1. Clark George A.

    1911 Seals. In The Americana: A Universal Reference Library Comprising the Arts and Sciences, Literature, History, Biography, Geography, and Commerce of the World, vol. 17. Beach Frederick Converse, ed. Pp. 352–366. New York: Scientific American.
17. 1. Crowell Aron L.

    1997 Archaeology and the Capitalist System: A Study from Russian America. New York: Plenum Press.
18. 1. Crowell Aron L.

    2011 Archaeological Survey on the Malaspina Fore-land, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, Alaska: Final Report of 1996 Smithsonian Fieldwork. Report submitted to Wrangell-St. Elias Park, Copper Center, AK.
19. 1. Crowell Aron L.

    2012 Collaborative Research: Glacial Retreat and the Cultural Landscape of Ice Floe Sealing at Yakutat Bay, Alaska. Proposal to the National Science Foundation, Arctic Social Sciences Program, ARC-1203417.
20. 1. Crowell Aron L.,
    2. Howell Wayne G.

    2013 Time, Oral Tradition, and Archaeology at Xakwnoowú, a Little Ice Age Fort in Southeastern Alaska. American Antiquity 78(1):2–23.

    OpenUrl
21. 1. Crowell Aron L.,
    2. Yesner David R.,
    3. Eagle Rita,
    4. Hanson Diane K.

    2008 An Historic Alutiiq Village on the Outer Kenai Coast: Subsistence and Trade in the Early Contact Period. Alaska Journal of Anthropology 6(1–2):225–251.

    OpenUrl
22. 1. Crowell Aron L.,
    2. Howell Wayne G,
    3. Mann Daniel H.,
    4. Streveler Greg

    2013 The Hoonah Tlingit Cultural Landscape in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: An Archaeological and Geological Study. Gustavus: National Park Service, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve.
23. 1. Carol L. Crumley

    (ed.) 1994 Historical Ecology: Cultural Knowledge and Changing Landscapes. Santa Fe: School for Advanced Research Press.
24. 1. Cruikshank Julie

    2001 Glaciers and Climate Change: Perspectives from Oral Tradition. Arctic 54(4): 377–393.

    OpenUrlGeoRef
25. 1. Dall William H.

    1877 Tribes of the Extreme Northwest Coast. Contributions to North American Ethnology, vol. 1. Pp. 1–156.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
26. 1. Davis Stanley D.

    1996 The Archaeology of the Yakutat Foreland: A Sociological View. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University.
27. 1. De Laguna Frederica

    1972Under Mount Saint Elias: The History and Culture of the Yakutat Tlingit. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, vol. 7. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
28. 1. De Laguna Frederica,
    2. Riddell Francis A.,
    3. McGeein Donald F.,
    4. Lane Kenneth S.,
    5. Arthur Freed J.,
    6. Osborne Carolyn

    1964 Archaeology of the Yakutat Bay Area, Alaska. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of Ethnology Bulletin 192. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
29. 1. Eccles William J.

    1988 The Fur Trade in the Colonial Northeast. In Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations. Washburn Wilcomb E., ed. Pp. 324–334.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
30. 1. Fienup-Riordan Ann

    1990 Original Ecologists? The Relationship between Yup’ik Eskimos and Animals. In Eskimo Essays: Yup’ik Lives and How We See Them. Pp. 167–191.New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
31. 1. Gluckman Arcadi

    1959 Identifying Old U.S. Muskets, Rifles, and Carbines. New York: Bonanza Books.
32. 1. Goldschmidt Walter R.,
    2. Haas Theodore H.

    1998 Haa Aaní, Our Land: Tlingit and Haida Land Rights and Use. Thornton Thomas F., ed. Juneau: University of Washington Press and Sealaska Heritage Foundation. [Originally published in 1946 as Possessory Rights of the Natives of Southeastern Alaska: A Report to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs].
33. 1. Grinnell George Bird

    1995 Alaska 1899: Essays from the Harriman Expedition. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
34. 1. Hames Raymond

    2007 The Ecologically Noble Savage Debate. Annual Review of Anthropology 36:177–190.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
35. 1. Harkin Michael E.

    2007 Swallowing Wealth: Northwest Coast Beliefs and Ecological Practices. In Native Americans and the Environment: Perspectives on the Ecological Indian. Harkin Michael E., Lewis David Rich, eds. Pp. 211–232. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
36. 1. Harrington John P.

    1940 Yakutat Notes, 1939–1940. Files EY940H11940a and EY940H1940c. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Archive, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
37. 1. Anne Hoover-Miller A.

    1994 Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) Biology and Management in Alaska. Report by Pacific Rim Research (Seward, AK) to the Marine Mammal Commission, Washington D.C.
38. 1. Hunn Eugene S.,
    2. Johnson Darryll R.,
    3. Russell Priscilla N.,
    4. Thornton Thomas F.

    2003 Huna Tlingit Environmental Knowledge, Conservation, and the Management of a “Wilderness” Park. Current Anthropology Vol. 44:S79–S103.

    OpenUrl
39. 1. Innis Harold A.

    1999 The Fur Trade in Canada: An Introduction to Canadian Economic History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
40. 1. Iverson Sara J.,
    2. Springer Alan M.,
    3. Bodkin James

    2007 Marine Mammals. In Long-Term Ecological Change in the Northern Gulf of Alaska. Spies Robert B., ed. Pp. 114–135. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
41. 1. Jansen John K.,
    2. Boveng Peter L.,
    3. Ver Hoef Jay M.,
    4. Dahle Shawn P.,
    5. Bengtson John L.

    2014 Natural and Human Effects on Harbor Seal Abundance and Spatial Distribution in an Alaskan Glacial Fjord. Marine Mammal Science 31(1):66–89.

    OpenUrl
42. 1. Johnson Albin

    2014 Seventeen Years in Alaska: A Depiction of Life among the Indians of Yakutat. Ehrlander Mary, trans. and ed. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press.
43. 1. Jones E. Lester

    1914 Report of Alaska Investigations in 1914. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
44. 1. Nick Kardulias P.

    1990 Fur Production as a Specialized Activity in a World System: Indians in the North American Fur Trade. American Indian Culture and Research Journal 14(1):25–60.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
45. 1. Ketz James A.,
    2. Arndt Katherine L.

    2010 Calendar of the Russian-American Company and the Alaska-Commercial Company Documents Relating to Nuchek, Alaska (1818–1905). Anchorage: Chugach Alaska Corporation.
46. 1. Peter Kováčik,
    2. Cummings Linda Scott

    2015 Charcoal Identification and AMS Radiocarbon Age Determination, Site YAK-00007, Yakutat Bay, Alaska. Golden: PaleoResearch Institute.
47. 1. Krech Shepard III.

    1999 The Ecological Indian: Myth and History. New York: W. W. Norton and Co.
48. 1. Kruse Gordon H.,
    2. Springer Alan M.

    2007 Marine Mammal Harvest and Fishing. In Long-Term Ecological Change in the Northern Gulf of Alaska, Spies Robert B., ed. Pp. 192–219. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
49. 1. Lee Molly

    1996 Context and Contact: The History and Activities of the Alaska Commercial Company, 1867–1900. In Catalogue Raisonné of the Alaska Commercial Company Collection, Phoebe Apperson Hearst Museum of Anthropology. Graburn Nelson H. H., Lee Molly, Rousselot Jean-Loup, eds. Pp. 19–38. Berkeley: University of California Press.
50. 1. Muir John

    1879 First Alaska Trip with S. Hall Young. Journal transcript downloaded on December 8, 2015 from the University of the Pacific Library http://digitalcollections.pacific.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/muirjournals/id/1828/rec/31.
51. 1. Murton Thomas O.

    1965 The Administration of Criminal Justice in Alaska, 1867–1902. M.A. thesis, School of Criminology, University of California, Berkeley.
52. 1. Nassaney Michael S.

    2015 The Archaeology of the North American Fur Trade. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
53. 1. Paige Amy W.

    1993 History of the Hair Seal Bounty and Predator Control Programs in Alaska. In The Subsistence Harvest of Harbor Seal and Sea Lion by Alaska Natives in 1992. Wolfe Robert J., Mishler Craig, eds. Addendum B1–B8. Technical Paper No. 229, Part 1. Juneau: Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subsistence Division.
54. 1. Petroff Ivan

    1884 Report on the Population, Industries, and Resources of Alaska. Census Office, Department of the Interior. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
55. 1. Porter John Biddle

    1911 The Military Laws of the United States. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
56. 1. Ray Arthur J.

    1984 Periodic Shortages, Native Welfare, and the Hudson’s Bay Company 1670–1930. In The Subarctic Fur Trade: Native Social and Economic Adaptations, Krech Shepard III., ed. Pp. 1–20.Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
57. 1. Ray Arthur J.

    1988 The Hudson’s Bay Company and Native People. In Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 4,. History of Indian-White Relations Washburn Wilcomb E., ed. Pp. 335–350.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
58. 1. Ray Arthur J.,
    2. Freeman Donald

    1978 “Give Us Good Measure”: An Economic Analysis of Relations between the Indians and the Hudson’s Bay Company before 1763. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
59. 1. Rick Torben G.,
    2. Braje Todd G.

    (eds.) 2011 Human Impacts on Seals, Sea Lions, and Sea Otters: Integrating Archaeology and Ecology in the Northeast Pacific. Berkeley: University of California Press.
60. 1. Sealaska Corporation

    1975 Native Cemetery and Historic Sites of Southeast Alaska. Preliminary Report. Seattle: Wiley and Ham, Inc.
61. 1. Seton Karr Haywood W.

    1887 Shores and Alps of Alaska. London: Sampson, Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington.
62. 1. Skidmore Eliza Ruhamah

    1893 The First District of Alaska from Prince Frederick Sound to Yakutat Bay. In Report on Population and Resources at the Eleventh Census: 1890. Pp. 43–53.Census Office, Department of the Interior. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
63. 1. Springer Alan M.,
    2. Iverson Sara J.,
    3. Bodkin James L.

    2007 Marine Mammal Harvest and Fishing. In Long-Term Ecological Change in the Northern Gulf of Alaska. Spies Robert B., ed. Pp. 352–378. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
64. 1. Strobridge Truman R.,
    2. Noble Dennis L.

    1999 Alaska and the U. S. Revenue Cutter Service 1867–1915. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
65. 1. Swanton John R.

    1909 Tlingit Myths and Texts. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
66. 1. Tarr Ralph S.,
    2. Martin Lawrence

    1912 The Earthquakes at Yakutat Bay, Alaska in September 1899. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
67. 1. Tarr Ralph S.,
    2. Martin Lawrence

    1914 Alaskan Glacier Studies of the National Geographic Society in the Yakutat Bay, Prince William Sound and Lower Copper River Regions. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society.
68. 1. Thornton Thomas F.

    (ed.) 2012 Haa Léelk’w Hás Aaní Saax’ú: Our Grandparents’ Names on the Land. Juneau: Sealaska Heritage Institute and University of Washington Press.
69. 1. Trabant Dennis C.,
    2. March R. S.,
    3. Thomas D. S

    2003 Hubbard Glacier, Alaska: Growing and Advancing in Spite of Global Climate Change and the 1986 and 2002 Russell Lake Outburst Floods. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-001-03. Fairbanks: U.S. Geological Survey.
70. 1. U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Fisheries

    1908 The United States Bureau of Fisheries: Its Establishment, Functions, Organizations, Resources, Operations, and Achievements. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
71. 1. U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor

    1907 The Fisheries of Alaska in 1906. Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 618. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
72. 1. Wolf Eric

    1982 Europe and the People without History. Berkeley: University of California Press.
73. 1. Wolfe Robert J.,
    2. Fall James A.,
    3. Riedel Monica

    2008 The Subsistence Harvest of Harbor Seals and Sea Lions by Alaska Natives in 2006. Technical Paper No. 339. Juneau: Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, and the Alaska Native Harbor Seal Commission.
74. 1. Wolfe Robert J.,
    2. Mishler Craig

    1994 The Subsistence Harvest of Harbor Seal and Sea Lion by Alaska Natives in 1993. Technical Paper No. 233. Juneau: Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, and the Alaska Native Harbor Seal Commission.
75. 1. Wood Charles E. S.

    1882 Among the Thlinkits in Alaska. Century Magazine 24(3):323–339.

    OpenUrl