Halibut Use on the Northwest Coast of North America: Reconciling Ethnographic, Ethnohistoric, and Archaeological Data

References Cited

1. 1. Acheson Steven R.

   1998 In the Wake of the ya’áats’ xaatgáay [Iron People]: A Study of Changing Settlement Strategies among the Kunghit Haida. British Archaeological Reports, International Series, 711. Oxford: John and Erica Hedges.
2. 1. Acheson Steven R.,
   2. Wigen Rebecca J.

   2002 Evidence for a Prehistoric Whaling Tradition among the Haida. Journal of Northwest Anthropology 36(2):155–168.

   OpenUrl
3. 1. Arima Eugene,
   2. Dewhirst John

   1990 Nootkans of Vancouver Island. In Handbook of North American Indians. vol. 7. Northwest Coast. Suttles Wayne, ed. Pp. 391–411. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
4. 1. Bartlett John

   1925 A Narrative of Events in the Life of John Bartlett of Boston, Massachusetts, in the Years 1790–93, during Voyages to Canton and the Northwest Coast of North America. In The Sea, the Ship and the Sailor. Snow Elliot, ed. Pp. 287–243. Salem: Marine Research Society.
5. 1. Beresford William

   1968 A Voyage Round the World: But More Particularly to the North-West Coast of America: Performed in 1785, 1786, 1787, and 1788, in the King George and Queen Charlotte, Captains Portlock and Dixon. Bibliotheca Australiana, 37. New York: Da Capo Press.
6. 1. Bishop Charles

   1967 The Journal and Letters of Captain Charles Bishop on the North-West Coast of America, in the Pacific and in New South Wales 1794–1799. Roe Michael, ed. Hakluyt Society, Second Series, No. CXXXI. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7. 1. Blackman Margaret B.

   1981 Window on the Past: The Photographic Ethnohistory of the Northern and Kaigani Haida. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service Paper, 74. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada.
8. 1. Blackman Margaret B.

   1990 Haida: Traditional Culture. In Handbook of North American Indians. vol. 7. Northwest Coast. Suttles Wayne, ed. Pp. 240–260. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
9. 1. Boit John

   1981 Log of the Union: John Boit’s Remarkable Voyage to the Northwest Coast and Around the World, 1794–1796. Hayes Edmund, ed. Portland: Oregon Historical Society.
10. 1. Bowers Peter M.,
    2. Moss Madonna L.

    2001 The North Point Wet Site and the Subsistence Importance of Pacific Cod on the Northern Northwest Coast. In People and Wildlife in Northern North America: Essays in Honor of R. Dale Guthrie. Craig Gerlach S., Murray Maribeth S., eds. Pp. 159–177. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.
11. 1. Calvert S. Gay

    1980 A Cultural Analysis of Faunal Remains from Three Archaeological Sites in Hesquiat Harbour, B.C. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.
12. 1. Calvert S. Gay,
    2. Crockford Susan

    1982 Appendix IV: Analysis of Faunal Remains from the Shoemaker Bay Site (DhSe 2). In Alberni Prehistory: Archaeological and Ethnographic Investigations on Western Vancouver Island. McMillan Alan D., Claire Denis E. St., eds. Pp. 174–219. Penticton: Theytus Books.
13. 1. Croes Dale R.

    1992 Exploring Prehistoric Subsistence Change on the Northwest Coast. Research in Economic Anthropology, Supplement 6:337–366.

    OpenUrl
14. 1. Croes Dale R.

    1995 The Hoko River Archaeological Site Complex: The Wet/Dry Site (45CA213), 3,000–1,700 B.P. Pullman: Washington State University Press.
15. 1. Croes Dale R.

    2005 The Hoko River Archaeological Site Complex: The Rockshelter (45CA21), 1,000–100 B.P., Olympic Peninsula, Washington. With contributions by Barbara Stucki and Rebecca Wigen. Pullman: Washington State University Press.
16. 1. Croes Dale R.,
    2. Hackenberger Steven

    1988 Hoko River Archaeological Complex: Modeling Prehistoric Northwest Coast Economic Evolution. Research in Economic Anthropology, Supplement 3:19–85.

    OpenUrl
17. 1. Curtis Edward S.

    [1916]1970 The North American Indian. vol. 11. New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation.
18. 1. Dawson George M.

    1880 Report on the Queen Charlotte Islands, 1878. Geological Survey of Canada Report of Progress for 1878–79. vol. 4. Montreal: Geological Survey of Canada.
19. 1. De Laguna Frederica

    1990 Tlingit. In Handbook of North American Indians. vol. 7. Northwest Coast. Suttles Wayne, ed. Pp. 203–228. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
20. 1. Drucker Philip

    1966 Nootka Whaling. In Indians of the North Pacific Coast. McFeat Tom, ed. Pp. 22–27. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. [1951]
21. 1. Fisher Robin

    1992 Contact and Conflict [2nd edition]. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
22. 1. Fladmark Knut R.

    1975 A Paleoecological Model for Northwest Coast Prehistory. Ottawa: Archaeological Survey of Canada Mercury Series, 43.
23. 1. Frederick Gay,
    2. Crockford Susan

    2005 Appendix D: Analysis of the Vertebrate Fauna from Ts’ishaa Village, DfSi-16, Benson Island, B.C. In Ts’ishaa: Archaeology and Ethnography of a Nuu-chah-nulth Origin Site in Barkley Sound. McMillan Alan D., St. Claire Denis E., eds. Pp. 173–189. Burnaby: Archaeology Press, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University.
24. 1. Galois Robert M.

    (ed.) 2004 A Voyage to the North West Side of America: The Journals of James Colnett, 1786–89. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
25. 1. Haida Marine Traditional Knowledge Study Participants (HMTKSP)

    2011 Haida Marine Traditional Knowledge Study. Volume 1: Methods and Results Summary. Report prepared for the Council of the Haida Nation, Skidegate.
26. 1. Harrison Charles

    1925 Ancient Warriors of the North Pacific: The Haidas, Their Laws, Customs and Legends, with Some Historical Account of the Queen Charlotte Islands. London: H. F. and G. Witherby.
27. 1. Hayden Brian,
    2. Cannon Aubrey

    1983 Where the Garbage Goes: Refuse Disposal in the Maya Highlands. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 2:117–163.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
28. 1. Hoskins John

    1969 The Narrative of a Voyage etc.: John Hoskins’ Narrative of the Second Voyage of the “Columbia.” In Voyages of the “Columbia” to the Northwest Coast 1787–1790 and 1790–1793. Howay Frederic W., ed. Bibliotheca Australiana Extra Series. New York: Da Capo Press.
29. 1. Howay Frederic W.

    1932 An Outline Sketch of the Maritime Fur Trade. Annual Report, Canadian Historical Association 1932:5–14.
30. 1. Huelsbeck David R.

    1988 The Surplus Economy of the Central Northwest Coast. Research in Economic Anthropology, Supplement 3:149–177.

    OpenUrl
31. 1. Huelsbeck David R.

    1994 Mammals and Fish in the Subsistence Economy of Ozette. In Ozette Archaeological Project Research Reposts, Volume II: Fauna. Samuels Stephan R., ed. Pp. 17–91. Reports of Investigations, No. 66. Pullman: Department of Anthropology, Washington State University.
32. 1. Ingraham Joseph

    1971 Journal of the Brigantine Hope on a Voyage to the Northwest Coast of North America, 1790–1792. Kaplanoff Mark D., ed. Barre, Massachusetts: Imprint Society.
33. 1. Jones R. Russ

    1999 Haida Names and Utilization of Common Fish and Marine Mammals. In Back to the Future: Reconstructing the Hecate Strait Ecosystem. Haggan Nigel, Beattie Alasdair, eds. Pp. 39–48. Fisheries Centre Research Reports, Vol. 7, No. 3. Vancouver: Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia.
34. 1. Langdon Stephen J.

    1977 Technology, Ecology, and Economy: Fishing Systems in Southeast Alaska. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Stanford University. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.
35. 1. Langdon Stephen J.

    1979 Comparative Tlingit and Haida Adaptation to the West Coast of the Prince of Wales Archipelago. Ethnology 18(2):101–119.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
36. 1. Mackie Quentin,
    2. Acheson Steven

    2005 The Graham Tradition. In Haida Gwaii: Human History and Environment from the Time of Loon to the Time of the Iron People. Fedje Daryl W., Mathewes Rolf W., eds. Pp. 274–302. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
37. 1. Maschner Herbert D. G.

    1992 The Origins of Hunter and Gatherer Sedentism and Political Complexity: A Case Study from the Northern Northwest Coast. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.
38. 1. McKechnie Iain

    2005 Five Thousand Years of Fishing at a Shell Midden in the Broken Group Islands Barkley Sound, British Columbia. M.A. thesis, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.
39. 1. McKechnie Iain,
    2. Lepofsky Dana,
    3. Moss Madonna L.,
    4. Butler Virginia L.,
    5. Orchard Trevor J.,
    6. Coupland Gary,
    7. Foster Fredrick,
    8. Caldwell Megan,
    9. Lertzman Ken

    2014 Archaeological Data Provide Alternative Hypotheses on Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasi) Distribution, Abundance, and Variability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 111(9):E807–E816.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
40. 1. McMillan Alan D.

    1999 Since the Time of the Transformers: The Ancient Heritage of the Nuu-chah-nulth, Ditidaht, and Makah. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
41. 1. Mecklenburg Catherine W.,
    2. Mecklenburg T. Anthony,
    3. Thorsteinson Lyman K.

    2002 Fishes of Alaska. Bethseda: American Fisheries Society.
42. 1. Monks Gregory G.

    2006 The Fauna from Ma’acoah (DfSi-5), Vancouver Island, British Columbia: An Interpretive Summary. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 30(2):272–301.

    OpenUrl
43. 1. Moss Madonna L.

    1989a Analysis of the Vertebrate Assemblage. In The Hidden Falls Site, Baranof Island, Alaska. Davis Stanley D., ed. Pp. 93–129. Anchorage: Aurora, Alaska Anthropological Association Monograph Series.
44. 1. Moss Madonna L.

    1989b Archaeology and Cultural Ecology of the Prehistoric Angoon Tlingit. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.
45. 1. Moss Madonna L.

    1993 Shellfish, Gender, and Status on the Northwest Coast: Reconciling Archeological, Ethnographic, and Ethnohistorical Records of the Tlingit. American Anthropologist 95(3): 631–652.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
46. 1. Moss Madonna L.

    2004 Archaeological Investigation of Cape Addington Rockshelter: Human Occupation of the Rugged Seacoast on the Outer Prince of Wales Archipelago, Alaska. University of Oregon Anthropological Papers, 63. Eugene: Department of Anthropology and Museum of Natural History, University of Oregon.
47. 1. Moss Madonna L.

    2008a Islands Coming out of Concealment: Traveling to Haida Gwaii on the Northwest Coast of North America. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 3:35–53.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
48. 1. Moss Madonna L.

    2008b Outer Coast Maritime Adaptations in Southern Southeast Alaska: Tlingit or Haida? Arctic Anthropology 45(1):41–60.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
49. 1. Moss Madonna L.,
    2. Erlandson Jon M.

    2001 The Archaeology of Obsidian Cove, Suemez Island, Southeast Alaska. Arctic Anthropology 38(1):27–47.

    OpenUrlWeb of Science
50. 1. Murdock George P.

    1934 Our Primitive Contemporaries. New York: MacMillan.
51. 1. Nicholson Rebecca A.

    1992a Bone Survival: The Effects of Sedimentary Abrasion and Trampling on Fresh and Cooked Bone. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 2:79–90.

    OpenUrl
52. 1. Nicholson Rebecca A.

    1992b An Assessment of the Value of Bone Density Measurements to Archaeoichthyological Studies. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 2:139–154.

    OpenUrl
53. 1. Nicholson Rebecca A.

    1996 Bone Degradation, Burial Medium and Species Representation: Debunking the Myths, an Experiment-Based Approach. Journal of Archaeological Science 23:513–533.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
54. 1. Orchard Trevor J.

    2009 Otters and Urchins: Continuity and Change in Haida Economy during the Late Holocene and Maritime Fur Trade Periods. BAR International Series 2027. Oxford, UK: Archaeopress.
55. 1. Nicholson Rebecca A.

    2011 Late Holocene Fisheries in Gwaii Haanas: Species Composition, Trends in Abundance, and Environmental or Cultural Explanations. In The Archaeology of North Pacific Fisheries. Moss Madonna, Cannon Aubrey, eds. Pp. 111–128. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press.
56. 1. Orchard Trevor J.,
    2. Clark Terence

    2005 Multidimensional Scaling of Northwest Coast Faunal Assemblages: A Case Study from Southern Haida Gwaii, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 29:88–112.

    OpenUrl
57. 1. Orchard Trevor J.,
    2. Clark Terence

    2014 Shell Middens, Vertebrate Fauna, and Northwest Coast Subsistence: Intensification and Generalization of Prehistoric Northwest Coast Economies. In The Cultural Dynamics of Shell-Matrix Sites. Roksandic Mirjana, Souza Sheila Mendonça de, Eggers Sabine, Burchell Meghan, Klokler Daniella, eds. Pp. 199–212. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
58. 1. Orchard Trevor J.,
    2. Szpak Paul

    2015 Zooarchaeological and Isotopic Insights into Locally Variable Subsistence Patterns: A Case Study from Southern Haida Gwaii, British Columbia. BC Studies 187:107–147.

    OpenUrl
59. 1. Partlow Megan A.

    2006 Sampling Fish Bones: A Consideration of the Importance of Screen Size and Disposal Context in the North Pacific. Arctic Anthropology 43(1):67–79.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
60. 1. Reitz Elizabeth J.,
    2. Wing Elizabeth S.

    2008 Zooarchaeology, second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
61. 1. Renker Ann M.,
    2. Gunther Erna

    1990 Makah. In Handbook of North American Indians. vol. 7. Northwest Coast. Suttles Wayne, ed. Pp. 422–430. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
62. 1. Riley Carroll L.

    1968 The Makah Indians: A Study of Political and Economic Organization. Ethnohistory 15(1): 57–95.

    OpenUrl
63. 1. Sepez Jennifer

    2008 Historical Ecology of Makah Subsistence Foraging Patterns. Journal of Ethnobiology 28(1): 110–133.

    OpenUrl
64. 1. Smith Ross

    2008 Structural Bone Density of Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis): Taphonomic and Archaeological Implications. M.A. thesis, Department of Anthropology, Portland State University.
65. 1. Stewart Hilary

    1977 Indian Fishing: Early Methods on the Northwest Coast. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre.
66. 1. Sutherland Brown A.,
    2. Yorath C. J.

    1989 Geology and Non-Renewable Resources of the Queen Charlotte Islands. In The Outer Shores. Scudder Geoffrey G. E., Gessler Nicholas, eds. Pp. 3–26. Skidegate: Queen Charlotte Islands Museum Press.
67. 1. Suttles Wayne

    1990 Environment. In Handbook of North American Indians. vol. 7. Northwest Coast. Suttles Wayne, ed. Pp. 16–29. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
68. 1. Suttles Wayne

    (ed.) 1990 Handbook of North American Indians. vol. 7. Northwest Coast. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
69. 1. Swan James G.

    1870 The Indians of Cape Flattery: At the Entrance to the Strait of Fuca, Washington Territory. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
70. 1. Swanton John R.

    1903 The Haida Calendar. American Anthropologist 5(2):331–335.

    OpenUrl
71. 1. Szpak Paul

    2011 Fish Bone Chemistry and Ultrastructure: Implications for Taphonomy and Stable Isotope Analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science 38:3358–3372.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
72. 1. Taylor Herbert C.

    1974 Anthropological Investigations of the Makah Indians Relative to Tribal Identity and Aboriginal Possession of Lands. In Coast Salish and Western Washington Indians. vol. III. Horr David Agee, ed. Pp. 27–89. New York: Garland Publishing.
73. 1. Wessen Gary C.

    1993 Archaeological Activities at and near Sand Point (45CA201), Olympic National Park, Washington. Report on file, Makah Tribal Historic Preservation Office, Makah Cultural and Research Center, Neah Bay, Washington.
74. 1. Wessen Gary C.

    2006a Archaeological Site Testing Activities at 45CA3, Makah Indian Reservation, Washington. Report on file, Makah Tribal Historic Preservation Office, Makah Cultural and Research Center, Neah Bay, Washington.
75. 1. Wessen Gary C.

    2006b Archaeological Site Testing Activities at 45CA400, Makah Indian Reservation, Washington. Report on file, Makah Tribal Historic Preservation Office, Makah Cultural and Research Center, Neah Bay, Washington.
76. 1. Wigen Rebecca J.

    1990 Identification and Analysis of Vertebrate Fauna from Eighteen Archaeological Sites on the Southern Queen Charlotte Islands. Report to British Columbia Heritage Trust. On file with the Culture Resource Library, Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management, Victoria, B.C.
77. 1. Wigen Rebecca J.,
    2. Stucki Barbara R.

    1988 Taphonomy and Stratigraphy in the Interpretation of Economic Patterns at Hoko River Rockshelter. Research in Economic Anthropology, Supplement 3:87–146.

    OpenUrl
78. 1. Zohar Irit,
    2. Belmaker Miriam,
    3. Nadel Dani,
    4. Gafny Sarig,
    5. Goren Menachem,
    6. Hershkovitz Israel,
    7. Dayan Tamar

    2008 The Living and the Dead: How Do Taphonomic Processes Modify Relative Abundance and Skeletal Completeness of Freshwater Fish? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 258:292–316.

    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRefWeb of Science